Definition Of Pscholinguistic

Definitions of Psycholinguistics

From book:

-          Psycholinguistics is the study of normal and abnormal use of language and speech to gain a better understanding on how the human mind functions.

Scovel, T. (1998). Psycholinguistics.Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

-          Psycholinguistics is the study of how individuals comprehend, produce and acquire language.

Caroll, D.W (2007). Psychology of Language 5^th Edition. Beverly, MA: Wadsworth Publishing.

-          Psycholinguistics is the study of language acquisition and linguistic behavior, as well as the psychological mechanisms responsible for them.

Langacker, Ronald W. (1972). Fundamental of Linguistics Analysis. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

-          Psycholinguistics is the study of language behavior: how real (rather than ideal) people learn and use language to communicate ideas.

Taylor, I. (1990). Psycholinguistics: Learning and Using Language. Englewood, Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

-          Psycholinguistics is the use of language and speech as a window to the nature and structure of human mind.

Scovel, T. (1998). Psycholinguistics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

From internet:

-          Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language.
(http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/p/psycholinguistics.htm.Accessed on September 9th 2012. 04.00 PM)

-          The study of the mental faculties involved in the perception, production, and acquisition of language (http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/psycholinguistics. Accessed on September 9^th 2012. 04.55 PM)

-          Psycholinguistics, also known as the psychology of languages, is the study of different factors that enable the human brain to understand different languages. Psycholinguistics studies cover the whole process of how human brains get structured and meaningful sentences out of grammar and vocabulary and how they are able to understand text, word and different sentences.
(http://www.blurtit.com/q123868.html Accessed on September 9^th 2012. 05.08 PM.)

-          An area of study which draws from linguistics and psychology and focuses upon the comprehension and production of language. Research has been directed to the evolutionary development of language, the biological bases of language, the nature of the sound system, the rules of syntax, the nature of meaning, and the process of language acquisition.

McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Bioscience. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill C (http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Psycholinguistics. Accessed on September 9^th 2012. 04.55 PM)

-          Psycholinguistics can be seen as a branch of cognitive psychology that resulted from the attempt to apply experimental methods to the study of language. (http://www.mindfocus.net/na04040.html - 17.17. Accessed on September 9^th 2012. 04.10 PM)

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Summary of Interactive Whiteboard Technology: A Tool to Enhance Reading Skill in Language Class.

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Harry Utama Putra
06101001031

            In this journal, the author tells reader about how the student can more enhance their ability by using the interactive media to learn English as a foreign language especially in reading skill. As we know that teaching English in such a multilingual country is really challenging task. So that’s why, to learn English, the student must able to listen, speak, read and write in form of English. But in this paper, the author stresses in reading skill. Learning to read is essential to success in school and outside the school too. Reading is important to understand a language in a much better way. It’s true ‘We write as we read’.

              After the author interview some student at engineering faculty in meerut university, she notice some reason why English so difficult for them. The reason, sometimes, related to environment, related to the teacher who was teaching English, even related to students’ attitude. In this journal, the writer mentions 12 reasons why English difficult for them. But in this case, I just want mention the 2 most crucial reasons: 

English is not practiced at home or in environment.  

Mostly teachers and Students remain busy in doing other different exercises like question & answer, word & meaning, writing comprehension etc. rather than giving stress on reading and then understanding. 

It is very complicated reason why student get difficult to learn English. The teacher has to solve this problem if the teacher wants their student enhance their reading skill.

            Various methods have done by the teacher for make the student more understand. The main problem is how to make the student interest in reading. IWB (Interactive Whiteboard) is such tool which makes learning interesting and fun. It can be enhance the reading skill of the student.

            IWB is not very new to the world but to India it is in infant stage and penetrating education sectors very fast especially in the private educational institutes and schools. A big whiteboard is connected to a computer and a projector either via wires (USB) or wirelessly (blue tooth). This board in called interactive as it is attached with audio-video equipment as well as multi user sensitivity technique in it. It is really nice to work on IWB with your students as it facilitates both the teacher and student to find new ways of learning. Teachers and students both appreciated it for its versatile nature and flexibility in presenting data, text, pictures, PPTs, in addition to audio assistance. It gives novelty to classroom and creates longer effect on students due to video impact in the mind of the receiver.

            IWB can make reading really interesting. They can bring attention of reader in the class to the content on the white giant board. Once the reader is in the class attracted by the colorful screen he starts taking pain of reading in the class. 

            IWB can support reading skill in many ways. It help student to learn grammar, speaking (discussion), motivation, self-confident, even pronunciation. IWB can cover all skill in English easily to understand.

            Teaching English language in a multilingual country in India is a challenging task. So that, Teaching reading English language is the demand of the hour and the aim of this research is, too, study the impact of interactive technology in enhancing reading skill in English language learning and to help teachers to find a solution to enhance reading English when they leave school.

            This research has been carried out in a reputed Engineering College in Meerut in West U.P, India. The college has set up smart classes in each branch to give student the experience of future generation teaching learning environment. This College was targeted because the students are a good mix of different state boards and government schools.

            Author takes the research in engineering college where interactive technology has been already set up in language classroom. She do the research by questionnaire and directly to informant. 45 students were targeted to fill questionnaire after giving them reading practice in IWB classrooms. After written data an open discussion has been done in the class to discuss the points that why did they felt so.

            In conclusion, student hasn’t seen such type of language classroom before this college and novelty in education is a rare thing. They appreciated the combination of audio- visual presentation with text which helps them to restore the word in their memory for a longer time. IWB motivates students, catch their attention through audio-visual aids and bring a change in their behavior not to see the reading as a boring exercise but do it passionately to enhance their language competence.

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Interpretation the Legend of Kemaro Island

According to my mind, of course the protagonist one was siti Fatimah and Tan Bull Ann prince. Because siti Fatimah had very nice attitude, not only beautiful but also she was a loyal woman. She is an obedient daughter so, she always did everything what her father’s asked to her.  In this story, siti Fatimah was falling in love with Tan Bull ann. He was also good character in this story, he was a prince from kingdom in the china. He went to south Sumatra because he wanted to develop his father’s business. But, to did the trade in south Sumatra the businessmen must pay the tax to the king. The prince accepted it and work hard in his business. He was also diligent, enthusiasm, handsome and smart prince, but impatience.

So, who the antagonist one? Of course, he was the king of south Sumatra kingdom. He was a greedy and arrogant king, he wanted his daughter marry with a rich person.

I like the way price to get married with siti Fatimah, he’s struggle and spirit will be remembered ever after. :D

Based on the story, there was the character that I really hate. Yeah, he is the king of south Sumatra kingdom. I don’t like him because he just wanted to let his daughter married with rich person. His thought just oriented in benefits, wealth and material.  It is really not fair. How poor siti Fatimah is. Thus, I don’t like him because he had bad personality, such as arrogant, unwise and materialistic.

This incident happened in South Sumatra, specifically in the edge of Musi River. There was some place that had the empire who leaded by the avaricious king. I do like this setting because I live in Palembang and I proud of it. The legend of kemaro Island become popular in the world. There are many researcher from other country do their research in Palembang. I love it :D

In my opinion, the most important part in this story is when Tan Bull Ann realized his mistaken. He kicked the jar into the river whereas in the jar there was some gold. Why it is important part because this part tell us the moralize that the reader can learn. If we are in the panic situation, try to calm down and patient, think before do.   

Obviously, I can feel what the characters felt in this story. I think, if I in that situation, I will do the rational thing. For example, told the truth what we feel and did alternative way in order to maintain people who we love. I can imagine what I will do, even though it is the hardest decision, I will not let my love just go and leave me. I will always in her side and love her.

I think, the prince had responsible, honest, kind and independent. He did everything what the king asked to him. He paid the all payment of his business to the king. Even, when he wanted to marry with siti Fatimah, he tried to fulfill the entire requirement from Fatimah’s father. But in the end, he did not thorough a small things. No, I’m not. I do disagree with the king. He is so materialistic. He just wanted the money from Tan Bull Ann.

Sacrifice. Love need sacrificial. If we already do commitment with something, it means we are ready to sacrifice everything we had. Love is not only needs your oral spoken, but also need to prove with your sacrificial. Don’t try to say love if you not ready sacrifice. It is just falsehood.

Actually, I never did the story like this legend. Although I ever did my careless thing, I already forget it. Poor me. But, I ever watch the film which had same thing like this legend. The title is “18+”. That film told me how we could defend our love to someone even she had a killer sickness. The woman was sick and had many trouble with some bad boy. She ever made mistaken when she join the gangster. The man tried to keep her save. But, finally he was killed by the leader of that gangster. The woman tried to against. It is useless. She also died by the gangster’s gun. But, in the end of her life, she keep smile until she closed her eyes. She very satisfied could go away together with her soul mate. So dramatic. It was the same with Fatimah’s did. Between the film and this legend has the same thing about the struggle to maintain her true love. In culture, social life and religion view, it is bad thing and not allows doing. Don’t end our life for the sake of LOVE. Mean your life by doing the positive thing.

Tan Bull Ann almost do what the questions suggest. To be married with siti Fatimah, he did many things. First of all he work hard to be a rich man like the king wanted. He confident, he will married with siti Fatimah, he also do in right way. He didn’t want married siti Fatimah without the king approval. He was responsible with his work. He really love Fatimah so much.

I think, the plot of this story is interesting. It is go forward. In the end of this legend is so tragic. They ends their life in the river and after that there are the soil which grow every time then become an island named “Kemaro Island”. the writer tell us about the small foulness thing that can happen when we panic. That is the moralize that can learned by the reader.

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